BRANCHES OF LIFE SCIENCE

ANATOMY: Study of morphological structure of an organism.

(Explanation: Branch of Science that deals with the structural aspects of the living organisms.)

Agricultural Science: Branch of Science that deals with the study of agriculture.

ANAESTHESIOLGY: Branch of Medical Science that deals with the study and application of anaesthetics.

(Explanation: Anaesthetics are nothing but the drugs given during a surgery or dental treatment in order to reduce pain or for the loss of sensation.)

BIOLOGY: Study of life or living things is called as Biology.

BIOCHEMISTRY: Study of chemical reactions that are required for life to exist or the chemical reactions that takes place inside a living being.

(Explanation: For Example, in plants formation of food occurs by combination of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sun light. The study of all the reactions that occur in between to reach the final product comes under biochemistry.

 6C0₂ +12H₂O   ⟶ C₆H₁₂O₆)

BIOINFORMATICS: Study that develops software tools for understanding biological data.

(Explanation: It is an interdisciplinary field i.e. a study that is a combination of more than one branch of science. Bioinformatics is the branch of science that includes the study of computer science, Engineering, Biology and mathematics. This branch is used in cases such as DNA Mapping, Finger print matching, even in the issue of Aadhar cards for collecting data of iris scan and finger print scan.)

BIOTECHNOLOGY: Study of manipulation of living matter for human welfare.

(Explanation: This branch of science deals with the manipulation of living things to create or produce things which are useful for human. For example production of vaccines by removing disease producing antigen from the virus. Production of hybrid varieties of crop plants to increase the production and disease resistance in agriculture.)

BOTANY: Study of plants.

CYTOLOGY: Study of science that deals with the study of living organisms at cellular level. Study of cell structure, functions of different organisms.

ECOLOGY: Study of interaction of living organisms with one another and with their surroundings.

(Explanation: Ecology is that the branch of science that deals with the study of how the living organisms depend on other living organisms an also on their surroundings and how the surroundings depend on the living organisms etc.

For example near garbage area the surroundings or the living beings of that surroundings depend on microbes and scavengers to get the area clean and the plants depend on the animals for carbon dioxide released by them and the nitrogen produced by the excretion of the organisms and animals depend on plants for food and oxygen.)

Entomology: Study of insects.

ETHOLOGY: Study of animal behaviour.

GENETICS: Study of genes and heredity or study of inheritance of traits.

(Explanation: Genetics is the branch of science that deals with the study of how the characters of parents or grandparents or ancestors are transferred to their off springs.)

HAEMATOLOGY: Study of blood and blood related diseases.

IMMUNOLOGY: Study of immune systems of all organisms.

(Explanation: Immunity means resistance of an organism towards any disease causing agent.)

MAMMALOGY: Study of mammals.

MARINE BIOLOGY: Study of marine organisms (organisms that live in salt water).

MICROBIOLOGY: Study of Microorganisms or microscopic organisms.

NEUROSCIENCE: Study of nervous system.

(Explanation: Neuroscience deals with the study of structure and functions of brain, spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system)

NUTRITION: Nutrition science studies how the body breaks down the food i.e. catabolism and how it utilises to repair the cells and tissues i.e. anabolism along with how an organism reacts with any kind of food.

PALAEONTOLOGY: Branch of Science that deals with the fossils of animals and plants.

(Explanation: fossils are the dead remains of plants and animals like bones or barks or woods which give us some information about the age of the organism, characteristics etc.)

PHARMACOLOGY: Branch of biology that deals with the study of how a medicine (natural or man-made medicine) reacts with the cell, tissue or organ of an organism.

PHYSIOLOGY: Branch of biology that deals with the study of the way a cell, tissue, organ or a system perform their normal functions in a living organism.

(Explanation: Examples of normal functions of 1.Cell: protein synthesis, cell division etc. 2.Tissue: supply of oxygen by blood, formation of blood in bone marrow etc. 3. Organ: Protection of body by skin, pumping of blood through heart etc. 4. System: Functioning of all organs of digestive system, respiratory system etc.)

PLANT PATHOLOGY: Phytopathology is the study of diseases caused by infectious organisms in plants.

TAXONOMY: The branch of science that deals with the systematic arrangement of different organisms into groups like reptiles, fishes etc.

TOXICOLOGY: The branch that deals with the adverse (harmful) effects of chemicals either natural or man-made on living organisms.

VIROLOGY: The branch of science that deals with the study of viruses.

ZOOLOGY: The branch of science that deals with the scientific study of behaviour, structure, physiology, classification and distribution of animals.